What is the K10 Psychological Distress Scale?

The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) is a short, simple, self-report questionnaire used to measure the level of non-specific psychological distress an individual has experienced in the most recent four-week period. It is widely used as a screening tool in general populations and clinical settings to identify individuals who may be experiencing anxiety and depression.

How many questions are on the K10 test?

The K10 consists of 10 questions about emotional states, such as feeling nervous, hopeless, restless, or depressed.

How is the K10 test scored?

Each of the 10 questions is scored on a five-point scale, typically ranging from 1 (“None of the time”) to 5 (“All of the time”). The scores for all ten items are summed to give a total score.

• Minimum Possible Score: 10 (indicating no distress)
• Maximum Possible Score: 50 (indicating severe distress)

How are K10 scores interpreted?

The total score provides a guide to the level of psychological distress and the potential need for further assessment. While different cut-offs exist, a common interpretation is:

K10 Total Score	Level of Psychological Distress	Likelihood of Mental Disorder
10 – 15	Low	Likely to be well
16 – 21	Moderate	Mild mental disorder likely
22 – 29	High	Moderate mental disorder likely
30 – 50	Very High	Severe mental disorder likely

Note: The K10 is a screening tool, not a diagnostic test. A high score suggests a need for a more detailed clinical assessment by a health professional.

Does a high K10 score mean I have a mental illness?

A high K10 score (typically 20 or higher) suggests you are experiencing a significant level of psychological distress and are more likely to meet the diagnostic criteria for a common mental health condition, such as depression or an anxiety disorder. It strongly indicates a need for professional help or a more detailed clinical assessment, but the test alone cannot provide a formal diagnosis.

What should I do if my K10 score is high (Moderate, High, or Very High)?

If your score is in the Moderate (16-21), High (22-29), or Very High (30-50) range, it is recommended that you seek professional support.

• Consult a Health Professional: Talk to your doctor (GP) or a mental health clinician (like a psychologist or counselor). They can conduct a comprehensive assessment and discuss appropriate treatment or support options.
• Explore Support Services: Look for local mental health organizations or helplines that offer counseling or support resources.
• Continue to Monitor: The K10 is also used to track symptoms over time. Re-taking the test after starting treatment can help monitor your recovery and progress.

What is the difference between the K10 and the PHQ-9?

Both are self-report mental health screening tools:

• K10 (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale): Measures general psychological distress, which includes a blend of anxiety and depressive symptoms.
• PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9): Focuses specifically on measuring the severity of depressive symptoms based on the diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder.

The K10 is often used as a broader first-line screen, while the PHQ-9 is a specific measure for depression.